Doctor
Summary
A teacher or master of the law, especially the Jewish teachers who instructed in synagogues, temples, and private lecture rooms.
☩Jewish Teachers
Anciently, learned men among the Jews were called 'sage'; in Christ's time they were known as 'teachers of the law' or 'lawyers.' They were addressed by the honorary title Rabbi, meaning 'great' or 'master.' The heads of schools were called fathers, and their disciples were sons or children. These teachers instructed not only in private rooms but also in synagogues, the temple, and wherever an audience could be gathered.
☩Method and Practice
The method of Jewish teachers followed Greek patterns: any disciple might propose questions, and the teachers would remark and give their opinions. Jesus as a boy was found 'in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions,' amazing them with His understanding. Teachers were self-constituted, received no official salary but voluntary gifts, and typically supported themselves by practicing a trade.
References
- 1.John McClintock and James Strong, "Doctor," in Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature, vol. II (Harper & Brothers, 1867–1887).
- 2.James Orr (ed.), "Doctor," in International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, vol. II (Howard-Severance Company, 1915).