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Barabbas (James Tissot)James Tissot · 1850–00

Barabbas

/buh-RAB-uhs/

Son of the father, or son of the teacher

Summary

A notorious criminal imprisoned for robbery, insurrection, and murder, whom the Jewish crowd chose to be released instead of Jesus Christ at Pilate's Passover amnesty.

Character and Crimes

All four Gospels record Barabbas as a dangerous criminal. Matthew calls him a 'notable' or notorious prisoner; John identifies him as a 'robber' or brigand; Mark and Luke specify that he was involved in an insurrection in Jerusalem and had committed murder during the uprising. He was not merely a common thief but a violent revolutionary whose crimes warranted execution under both Roman and Jewish law.

Key verses:Matthew 27:16Mark 15:7Luke 23:19John 18:40

The Passover Custom

It was customary for the Roman governor to release one prisoner to the Jewish people at the Passover feast, likely a policy to conciliate Jewish sentiment toward Roman rule. Pilate, seeking to release Jesus whom he found innocent, thought to exploit this custom by offering the people a choice between Jesus and a manifestly wicked criminal. He apparently expected the crowd would choose Jesus.

Key verses:Matthew 27:15John 18:39

The Crowd's Choice

The chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude to ask for Barabbas and demand Jesus's crucifixion. When Pilate posed the question, the crowd shouted for Barabbas. The governor's attempt to save Jesus backfired completely—the people preferred a murderous insurrectionist to their Messiah. Pilate washed his hands but yielded to the mob, releasing Barabbas and delivering Jesus to be crucified.

Key verses:Matthew 27:20-26Mark 15:11-15

Theological Significance

The apostles later charged this choice upon the Jewish conscience. Peter declared, 'You denied the Holy One and the Just, and asked for a murderer to be granted to you, and killed the Prince of life.' The contrast could not be sharper: rejecting the Author of life while choosing one who took life. Some ancient manuscripts give Barabbas the name 'Jesus Barabbas,' which if original, heightens the irony—the people chose 'Jesus son of the father' over Jesus the true Son of the Father.

Key verses:Acts 3:14-15

Related Verses11 mentions

Matthew· 5 verses

Mark· 3 verses

Luke· 1 verse

John· 1 verse

References

  1. 1.John McClintock and James Strong, "Barabbas," in Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature, vol. I (Harper & Brothers, 1867–1887).
  2. 2.George Morrish, "Barabbas," in Morrish's Concise Bible Dictionary (George Morrish, 1898).
  3. 3.James Hastings (ed.), "Barabbas," in Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, vol. I (T. & T. Clark, 1906–1908).