Litter
“From a root meaning 'to move slowly'”
Summary
A covered conveyance carried by men or animals, used for transporting persons of rank in the ancient Near East.
☩Biblical Usage
The Hebrew word 'tsab' in Isaiah 66:20 describes a sedan or palanquin for conveying persons of importance, borne by hand or upon the shoulders, or on the backs of animals. The same term appears in Numbers 7:3 as 'covered wagons' used for transporting the materials of the tabernacle. In Song of Solomon 3:9, a different word ('appiryon') describes Solomon's elaborate palanquin with cedar framework, silver pillars, gold railing, and purple-covered seat.
☩Ancient Litters
Litters or palanquins were used among the ancient Egyptians, borne upon men's shoulders for carrying persons of consideration on short visits. In Persia and Arabia, the 'takht-ravan' (moving throne) consisted of a light frame fixed on two strong poles, covered with cloth, having latticed doors on each side, carried by two mules or camels. These conveyances were used by great persons during journeys when disposed for retirement or ease, by the sick or elderly, and especially by ladies of rank.
Related Verses1 mention
Isaiah· 1 verse
References
- 1.John McClintock and James Strong, "Litter," in Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature, vol. V (Harper & Brothers, 1867–1887).
- 2.James Orr (ed.), "Litter," in International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, vol. III (Howard-Severance Company, 1915).
- 3.John Kitto, "Litter," in A Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, vol. II (Mark H. Newman, 1845).