Temperance
“Self-control, mastery over desires”
Summary
Temperance in Scripture denotes self-control and mastery over bodily desires and passions, essential for godly living and spiritual growth.
☩Meaning and Scope
The Greek word egkrateia means 'self-control' or 'self-mastery.' It refers to the mastery of self over its own internal hostile forces, bringing the lower nature into subjection to the higher, the flesh to the spirit. While modern usage often limits temperance to moderation in drinking, Scripture applies it more broadly to control over all bodily desires and passions.
☩In Christian Character
In 2 Peter's list of virtues, temperance springs from faith-supplied moral energy and practical knowledge of proper conduct. It represents mastery of self against internal temptations, while endurance (hypomone) represents mastery against external hostility. Paul compared the Christian life to athletic training, where self-discipline is essential for victory. The athlete's strict regimen illustrates the concentration of all powers on doing God's will and renouncing whatever interferes with highest efficiency.
☩For Church Leaders
Temperance is listed among qualifications for bishops and elders. They are to be 'temperate' (egkrates) and 'sober-minded' (sophron). The latter term implies rational balance as well as moral self-control, of which temperance is a specific aspect. Leaders must model the self-mastery they commend to others.
Related Verses22 mentions
See Also
References
- 1.James Orr (ed.), "Temperance; Temperate," in International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, vol. V (Howard-Severance Company, 1915).
- 2.James Hastings (ed.), "Temperance," in Dictionary of the Apostolic Church, vol. II (T. & T. Clark, 1915–1918).
- 3.James Hastings (ed.), "Temperance," in Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, vol. II (T. & T. Clark, 1906–1908).